The importance of preventing ‘sweating’ eggs

The term 'sweating' is, if taken literally, misleading, because the water on the shell does not in fact come from within the egg. The same physical process is seen when a bottle of water is removed from a refrigerator on a warm summer day.

Sweating of eggs should be avoided because moisture on the shell surface weakens the egg's natural defence ­mechanisms, providing as it does an ideal environment for the growth of micro-organisms, and further facilitating their penetration through the shell pores.

Once inside the pores, micro-organisms are protected from most routine egg sanitising operations, therefore presenting a potential risk for contamination. Bacteria and fungi which manage to pass through the shell membranes will multiply at a rapid rate when they are exposed to incubation temperature, because the defence mechanism in the albumen is no longer able to protect the growing embryo.

This of course will lead to increased embryonic mortality, 'exploders' and infected day-old-chicks (increased first week mortality).

Clearly moisture on egg shells should be prevented. Egg sweating is prevented when the difference in temperature between the egg storage room and 'the outside' (e.g. loading platform of the truck, egg traying room, setter) is small and the 'outside' humidity is low.

The table below can be used to predict whether sweating will occur if no ­additional measures are taken. For a wider range of temperatures and humidities, a so-called 'Mollier' diagram or psychometric graph provides a useful tool.

There is also a risk of eggs sweating if they are set too cold in setter that is already running to temperature, as is the case in multi-stage incubation practice.

Advice

• If the risk of sweating is high, pre-warm eggs gradually at least six hours prior to removing them from the egg storage room. This is achieved by switching off the egg room cooler several hours before taking out the eggs. It is important to realize that not all eggs warm up at the same, uniform speed, especially with low air circulation and if stored on pulp trays and stacked closely together.
• Store at a higher temperature, combined with a shorter storage period.
• Connect the truck picking up the hatching eggs directly with the storage room to minimise any temperature diffe­rences from the outside environment.
• Ensure that the climate in the truck is the same as in the egg store.
• Maintain humidity below the levels indicated in the table.
• Prior to placement in the setter, place the filled setter trolleys at a room temperature of 25 ˚C with good air circulation for several hours. This pre-warming of the eggs before setting is particularly important when using multi-stage incubation.

Eggs will 'sweat' if the relative humidity (% RH) outside the storage room is higher than:
Temperature of storage room1	Temperature outside the storage room 15 ˚C               18˚C               21˚C            24˚C
21˚C	...                      ...                   ...             > 85 % RH
18˚C	...                      ...               > 83 % RH   > 71 % RH
16˚C	...                   > 89 % RH    > 74 % RH  >60 % RH
11˚C	> 74 % RH     > 64 % RH    > 53 % RH   > 44 % RH

_{1 Assuming that the temperature of the eggs equals the temperature of the egg storage room.}